Physical Gold Investment: More Than Just a Safe Haven | Income Capital Management

Physical Gold Investment: More Than Just a Safe Haven By Paolo Volpicelli — Income Capital Management Ask most investors what gold is for, and you will hear the same answer: it is something you hold when everything else is going wrong. A crisis asset. A last resort. The thing you turn to when currencies collapse, markets implode, or geopolitical risk spikes beyond what conventional portfolios can absorb. This view of gold is not wrong — but it is incomplete, and for many investors it leads to a systematic underuse of one of the most versatile assets available in modern portfolio construction. Physical gold has been a store of value for thousands of years. That track record is real and it matters. But for today’s investor, the question is not whether gold has preserved wealth across centuries. The question is whether it belongs in your portfolio right now — in what form, in what size, and connected to what overall strategy. At Income Capital Management, our answer is yes — and the reasoning goes well beyond the traditional safe-haven narrative. Why Physical Gold Investment Still Makes Sense Gold has outlasted every fiat currency ever created. That single fact carries more weight than any quantitative model, because it reflects something fundamental about the nature of the asset: it cannot be printed, debased, or defaulted on. In a world where central bank balance sheets have expanded to historic proportions and sovereign debt levels in major economies continue to rise, this property is not merely historical — it is structurally relevant. But the case for physical gold investment in a modern portfolio rests on more than distrust of paper money. Gold has several concrete portfolio characteristics that make it genuinely useful as an active strategic allocation rather than a passive emergency reserve. First, gold has a low and sometimes negative correlation with equities and credit assets during periods of acute market stress — precisely when diversification from traditional assets matters most. When equity markets sell off sharply and credit spreads widen, gold often moves in the opposite direction, providing a natural offset to losses elsewhere in the portfolio. This is not a coincidence; it reflects gold’s role as a preferred destination for capital during risk-off regimes. Second, gold has historically maintained its purchasing power over long periods relative to goods and services. While it is not a perfect inflation hedge in the short term — gold can underperform for extended periods even when inflation is elevated — over multi-decade horizons it has consistently preserved real value in ways that nominal bonds and cash cannot. For investors with long time horizons and a concern about the erosion of purchasing power, this is a meaningful contribution. Third, and perhaps most importantly for portfolio construction purposes, gold provides psychological stability. During periods of severe market stress, investors with a meaningful gold allocation tend to behave more rationally — because they can see a portion of their wealth holding its value or appreciating while other assets fall. This behavioural dimension is underrated in academic portfolio theory but critical in practice. An investor who stays invested through a crash because their gold allocation is cushioning the drawdown will almost always outperform one who sells everything at the bottom. Allocated Holdings: Why Physical Matters Not all gold exposure is equivalent, and the distinction between physical gold and paper gold is one that every serious investor should understand clearly. Gold ETFs, futures, and certificates offer convenient price exposure to gold — but they are financial instruments, not the metal itself. In a genuine tail risk scenario — the kind of systemic stress that gold is most valued for hedging against — the performance of these instruments depends on the functioning of the financial infrastructure that underlies them: clearing houses, counterparties, custodians, and markets. In extreme scenarios, that infrastructure is precisely what may be under strain. Allocated physical gold holdings are different. When gold is held in allocated form, specific bars or coins are legally assigned to the investor and segregated from the custodian’s own assets. The investor owns the physical metal — not a claim on it, not exposure to it, but the metal itself — held on their behalf in a professional custody facility with independent auditing and transparent pricing. Through our Physical Gold solution at Income Capital Management, clients access exactly this structure: allocated holdings with professional custody, independently verified, fully transparent in pricing, and fully integrated into their broader portfolio reporting. The gold they hold is real, auditable, and legally theirs — with none of the counterparty risk that attaches to paper alternatives. Sizing and Integration: The Key to Making Gold Work The most common mistake investors make with gold is not holding it — it is holding it wrong. Specifically, treating it as an isolated position rather than a deliberately sized component of an integrated strategy. Too little gold — a token 1% or 2% allocation added almost as an afterthought — provides negligible diversification benefit. It is large enough to require management attention but too small to meaningfully offset losses in other assets during a crisis. Too much gold — a concentrated 20% or 30% allocation driven by macro anxiety — creates a different problem: gold generates no income, pays no dividend, and produces no cash flow. An overweight gold position is a bet on continued monetary instability, and while that bet may eventually pay off, it extracts a significant opportunity cost in the interim. The right allocation depends on the client’s broader portfolio, their income requirements, their time horizon, and their specific exposure to the risks that gold is most effective at hedging. For most diversified portfolios, a strategic allocation in the range of 5% to 10% tends to capture the meaningful diversification and tail-risk hedging benefits of gold without sacrificing too much in terms of income generation or growth potential. Crucially, this allocation needs to be connected to the overall strategy — not treated as a standalone bet. In our framework, the Physical

September 2025 Results: Resilience and Performance in a Volatile Market Environment

September 2025 Results: Resilience and Performance in a Volatile Market Environment “Wake me up when September ends…” sang Green Day. For many investors, September 2025 was indeed a month they would have preferred to skip. Global financial markets experienced exceptional turbulence, elevated uncertainty, and volatility at historically high levels. Gold continued its strong upward trajectory, while geopolitical and macroeconomic developments kept investor sentiment fragile throughout the month. Despite these challenging conditions, our strategies delivered solid positive performance, confirming that discipline, diversification, and a structured risk-based approach can transform uncertainty into opportunity. Market Context: A Month Defined by Volatility September unfolded against a backdrop of persistent geopolitical tension, macroeconomic realignment, and heightened sensitivity to policy signals. In such an environment, markets often reward resilience rather than speculation. Short-term reactions can amplify volatility, while structured strategies focused on risk control tend to demonstrate greater stability. Forex Fund Performance – Aggressive Level Even in this highly unstable context, the Forex Fund (Aggressive Level) closed the month with positive results: September 2025: +2.30% Year-to-date (January–September 2025): +28.16% Cumulative since inception (April 2024): +58.21% Since the beginning of August 2025, the strategy has been managed with a more cautious and prudent approach, reflecting the exceptionally high volatility observed across markets. This adjustment highlights the importance of flexibility within a disciplined framework, allowing portfolios to adapt while maintaining clear risk controls. Real Estate Fund Performance The Real Estate Fund also continued to deliver steady growth during September: September 2025: +0.45% Year-to-date (January–September 2025): +6.44% Cumulative since inception (April 2024): +12.64% While summer months typically represent a slowdown for the real estate sector, activity traditionally resumes with the arrival of autumn. Growth continues to be supported by sustained demand for tangible assets, particularly from investors seeking stability amid broader market uncertainty. Physical Gold Allocation Gold remained a central component of portfolio protection strategies throughout September. Purchased in September: 1.6 kg Total gold in custody: 11.6 kg Market value as of 30/09/2025: €1,228,440 (€105.90 per gram) The increase in demand is consistent with investors’ continued search for protection, reinforced by the strengthening of the spot gold price. In periods of elevated uncertainty, physical gold continues to fulfill its role as a strategic store of value. Transparency and Reporting Detailed performance reports are available at the following link: Access detailed reports → Active clients can find comprehensive data for all managed financial instruments in the private area, under the RESULTS section. Final Considerations September 2025 reinforces a key lesson: in times of heightened uncertainty, resilient strategies grounded in diversification and risk discipline make the difference. While markets remain unpredictable, structured investment approaches continue to demonstrate their ability not only to withstand volatility, but to convert it into sustainable performance. Original LinkedIn post: Read the original update on LinkedIn INCOME CAPITAL MANAGEMENT